US Standard-type Battleships 1941-45 (1): Nevada, Pennsylvania and New Mexico Classes (New Vanguard), by Mark Stille
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US Standard-type Battleships 1941-45 (1): Nevada, Pennsylvania and New Mexico Classes (New Vanguard), by Mark Stille
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Written by US Navy expert Mark Stille, this book offers a unique insight into the Standard-type classes of US battleships in World War II. It provides a detailed investigation into the histories of each of the individual vessels of the Standard-type battleship class, the first three of which, the Nevada, Pennsylvania and New Mexico, formed the US Navy's main force in the inter-war period. The Standard-types reflected a new design philosophy: by designing each class to meet common standards of maneuverability and handling, vessels of different classes could operate as a single tactical unit without being limited by the performance of the slowest and least maneuvrable ship. At the time of their construction, these ships incorporated the latest design features such as triple gun turrets. Although they were rendered increasingly obsolete by evolving naval doctrines and the ascendance of the fast battleship, they served with distinction throughout World War II in both the Pacific and the Atlantic. This study combines analysis of design features and an absorbing narrative of operational histories to offer a comprehensive picture of the Standard- type battleships, from the brutal destruction of the USS Arizona to the triumphant occupation of Japan.
US Standard-type Battleships 1941-45 (1): Nevada, Pennsylvania and New Mexico Classes (New Vanguard), by Mark Stille- Amazon Sales Rank: #396360 in Books
- Brand: Osprey
- Published on: 2015-03-24
- Released on: 2015-03-24
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.60" h x .16" w x 7.26" l, .41 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 48 pages
About the Author Mark E. Stille (Commander, United States Navy, retired) received his BA in History from the University of Maryland and also holds an MA from the Naval War College. He has worked in the intelligence community for 30 years including tours on the faculty of the Naval War College, on the Joint Staff and on US Navy ships. He is currently a senior analyst working in the Washington DC area. He is the author of numerous Osprey titles, focusing on naval history in the Pacific. The author lives in Dunn Loring, VA.
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Most helpful customer reviews
11 of 12 people found the following review helpful. Nice start to important mini-series By David C. Nilsen The US "standard-type battleships," so-named because all of the ships from the Nevada-class through to the London Naval Treaty were incremental improvements of a basic design, were the backbone of the US Navy at the start of WW2, until we realized (or were forced to realize) it was really those funny flat-topped ships. These ships became the Navy's "OBBs" (second-line battleships to distinguish them from the fast battleships starting with USS North Carolina) which were the shore-bombardment invasion backbones the Pacific and European invasions. They were all built to a similar size and had similar performance, so could operate as a more or less "homogeneous" battle line. The "standard-type" also included the later Tennessee and Colorado classes, known collectively as "The Big Five," which will be covered in the next volume of this mini-series.The key developments of the standard type were oil-fired boilers, main guns in triple turrets, and the US Navy's "all or nothing" armor epiphany, all of which are covered in this book.As with Stille's previous Osprey titles, this book does a good job with discussing design decisions and the resulting armor schemes. Because almost all of these ships (those not sunk) underwent two reconstructions (in the 1920s-30s and again after Pearl Harbor), keeping up with all of these modifications and changes is a major requirement for this book, which Stille handles well. One excellent detail is the use of tables to capture the bewildering changes to antiaircraft armament on the ships during WW2. A rough patch in the book is with propulsion. Although establishing that Nevada was fitted with turbines as opposed to Oklahoma's old-style reciprocating engines, he later states that "Nevada had her reciprocating engines replaced by new geared turbines from the cancelled battleship North Dakota." This is wrong in two specifics: first Nevada already had turbine, not reciprocating engines, and the turbines that replaced her existing turbines were from the old USS North Dakota (BB 29) which got them in 1917 to replace her faulty engines. (Oklahoma was never re-engined, resulting in a complaint in 1936 by CINC US Fleet that she could no longer hold her place in the battle line without being re-engined.)There is a dramatic statement on page 8 that is not explained. "Firepower was improved by increasing the maximum gun elevations, which gave longer ranges. This was accomplished in spite of a treaty clause that specifically banned such an improvement." This is a great simplification, and is discussed in Agents of Innovation: The General Board and the Design of the Fleet that Defeated the Japanese Navy. Briefly, plans to do so in 1923 were objected to by the British, and the USN spent a number of years working on a "liberal interpretation" of the governing "Reconstruction Clause," which turned on the single word, "mounting" which did not appear in the French version of the treaty. But by the time the USN determined it was justified in proceeding it was too late to modify the six battleships previous to the Nevada class.The book explains that detailed discussion of fire control and radar will be contained in the following volume.One thing I would still prefer to see in these books is for the ship data tables to be expanded to show more than just laid down, launched, commissioned to add reconstruction/refit and loss/decommissioning dates. That data exists in the text so you have to dig for it and can't easily compare it. The class specification tables should really be combined so you can see and compare all the classes at once. Any table that is merely one row is not really a table at all. But there are nice tables for the anti-aircraft fits mentioned above, for war damage, and all major WW2 operations supported by the OBBs, including those that will be in Volume 2, which is a very nice touch.Unlike some previous Vanguard books, the new color illos are not simply line-for-line colorizations of A L Raven/A D Baker in Friedman's U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History, but show additional interpretation compared to corresponding Raven/Baker baselines. The paintings are:1. Side full-hull of Oklahoma, December 1941. Although noted as being in the Measure 5 Painted Bow Wave scheme, the artist has neglected to paint the bow wave. (Baker, p. 200)2. Side waterline view of Nevada 1945 in Measure 31 after her last refit. The artist has misrepresented the shape and hatch placement on the twin 5"/38s so most of them look like single 5"/38s, compare to photo on page 10. The artist appears to have misinterpreted the 20mm gallery before the bridge to be stand-alone rather than attached. (Raven p. 370)3. Action painting of Nevada off Cherbourg in 1944. Artist still has a problem with the proper 5"/38 shape. Also, he had painted the X turret as a triple (as in Pennsylvania class) instead of a twin. Although he has painted out the third gun barrel, the third shroud is still visible on the turret face. Additionally, as can be seen in a number of the good photos elsewhere in the book, the superfiring twin turrets are both narrower and shorter than the triples.4. Side waterline view of Arizona in 1921 with cage masts and biplane on flying-off platform on B turret. (Sim to Raven, 110)5. Side waterline of Pennsylvania in Measure 21 in 1944. The twin 5"/38s are a mix of good and not-so-good. Amusingly, following source photos, the artist has duplicated the censor's act of deleting the radar from the foretop. (Raven, 371)6. Centerfold cutaway of Arizona at Pearl Harbor, including the turret tops in the bright red recognition color of Arizona's division revealed by the latest research. However the art appears to be in grey instead of the medium blue indicated by that research. Given the attention given to the recent research, I am disappointed that the caption didn't talk a little bit about that. There's plenty of white space for it.7. Waterline view of Mississippi upon commissioning in 1917 with cage masts. (Raven, 133)8. Full-hull view of New Mexico in 1942 in blotchy Measure 12. (Raven, 206)9. Waterline view of Mississippi in 1943 in Measure 22. (Raven, 351)10. Waterline view of Idaho in 1945. Although not specified in the caption, it looks to be Measure 21, which is correct. This is a nice feature in this book, as Idaho was the only BB ever armed with single 5"/38s. (Raven 351)11. Action painting of New Mexico in Measure 32 being hit by a Kamikaze in 1945. Although simply a painted version of the photo on the previous page, it is colorful and dramatic.The photo selection is good, and shows all ships in a variety of as-built, post-1930s reconstruction, and WW2 configurations. Given the small size of these books (page real estate and number of pages) photo selection is tricky, but all are in good detail which can be seen at the size available. I was hoping to maybe see a color photo or painting of Nevada painted orange as the Operation Crossroads target, but that's not here, and falls outside the proper scope of the book anyway. As a bonus, the Bibliography spread includes two striking photos, first the magnificent photo of Pennsylvania leading BB Colorado, CAs Louisville and Portland, and CL Columbia in Lingayen Gulf. Often identified as October 1944, Stille has correctly dated it to January 1945, although he uses the wartime photo where the censor has removed Pennsylvania's radar rather than the uncensored version also available. He has also included a similarly impressive and rare photo of Idaho leading Pennsy and a pair of CVEs to Saipan.This is a nice start to a great subject. Bring on the Big Five!
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful. No alternative to full marks. By Ned Middleton Once again, established author, maritime historian and US Navy Commander retired!, Mark Stille has produced a product to delight readers from all backgrounds. Known for his prodigious output, this remains all the more remarkable once we consider the amount of detailed information provided in the relatively small space of 48 pages. Whereas much larger books on this subject will exist, I find Stille’s series of “expanded overviews” of different ship types contain almost all the information I am seeking. Little wonder they are so popular!All things considered, this work provides people with a detailed knowledge of the subject with all the facts and figures they might require ‘at a glance’ whilst also providing an excellent introduction for those with little or no knowledge at all. Add to that the additional elements of; an easily readable style of writing, an excellent selection of photographs and some of the best descriptive artwork we are ever likely to find and there is no alternative to full marks.The book commences with an Introduction entitled; The Impact of Naval Treaties on USN Battleship Development. This provides the political background to Battleship design and weapons limitations at the time. The book is then divided into two sections: American Battleship Design Developments (Interwar reconstruction of American Battleships, American Battleship weapons and USN Battleship radar) and The Battleship Classes (Nevada, Pennsylvania, and New Mexico). The work then concludes with; Analysis & Conclusion, Bibliography and Index.Put another way, Stille begins by expertly setting the scene by describing the international treaty limitations and the US response in terms of strategy, design and reconstruction. This is amply supported by historic B&W photographs showing individual ships and weapons systems. The main ‘meal’ is of course the class-by-class description where nothing seems to have been omitted and is again fully supported by a series of carefully selected photographs in which the reader’s attention is drawn to specific features. These are images of the highest possible quality.My final comments, however, are reserved for the outstanding artistic illustrations which fall into three broad categories; Pages 15 and 33 show two starboard-side profiles (full vessel and waterline) of the Nevada and New Mexico class respectively. Pages 25 and 37 each show two slightly differing waterline starboard-side profiles of the Pennsylvania class and New Mexico class (later in WW2). Secondly, page 21 shows an artist’s impression of the USS Nevada under fire at sea and page 41 shows the Kamikaze strike on USS New Mexico off Luzon in January 1945.The most remarkable illustration, however, is found across pages 28-29 and shows a three-quarter starboard profile of the legendary USS Arizona complete with cutaway view of No 2 Gun turret from top to bottom and the adjacent powder and shell magazines. Every time I see one of these particular images I always marvel at the artist’s understanding of ships, naval architecture and perspective. It really is an excellent image - spoiled only by the central crease of the book.In conclusion, from expert to novice, I doubt anyone will be disappointed in this work. Do enjoy.NM
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. about 7 x 10 inches) is a generally thorough and easily understood survey of the Tennessee and Colorado class battleships By Robert Apfelzweig This slim volume (48 pages, about 7 x 10 inches) is a generally thorough and easily understood survey of the Tennessee and Colorado class battleships, as well as the projected South Dakota and battlecruiser designs that were cancelled with the advent of the Washington Naval Treaty. The text describes the service history and wartime modifications of these ships and there are many good-resolution photos, most of which, unfortunately, are quite small; there are also a number of color diagrams and paintings of these ships. All in all, good value for the money.
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